Sumários
Lecture 2 (Practice)
16 Setembro 2026, 11:00 • Yiu Lim LUI
We reviewed the core concepts and completed exercises 1.9, 1.10, and 2.1 (a, b, and c). We also explored common databases.
Lecture 2
15 Setembro 2026, 09:30 • Yiu Lim LUI
· Descriptive Statistics Overview: Descriptive statistics focuses on presenting data using tables and graphs, and summarizing data using measures like the sample mean.
· Categorical Data Representation: Categorical variables are typically summarized using frequency distribution tables, crosstabs, bar charts, and pie charts, while avoiding misleading 3D graphical representations
· Numerical Data Representation: Numerical variables use frequency distributions, cumulative distributions, and visual tools such as histograms, stem-and-leaf displays, and boxplots
· Histogram Construction Rules: Building histograms requires defining the number of classes using rules like Sturges' rule or the square root rule, calculating class width, and plotting contiguous bars without gaps to represent data density
Lecture 1 (Practice)
9 Setembro 2026, 11:00 • Yiu Lim LUI
Some concepts were reviewed, and exercises 1.1 through 1.6 have been completed.
Lecture 1
8 Setembro 2026, 09:30 • Yiu Lim LUI
- Definition and Scope of Statistics: Statistics is defined as the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, analyzing, and interpreting data to transform raw numbers into actionable knowledge and insights.
- Population vs. Sample: A population represents the complete collection of all items or individuals being studied, while a sample is a selected subset used to make inferences.
- Classification of Variables: Variables are broadly categorized into numerical/quantitative (discrete or continuous) and categorical/qualitative (nominal or ordinal) types.
- Types of Data Structures: Empirical studies utilize different temporal and structural frameworks, specifically cross-sectional data, time series data, and panel data, sourced from either primary or secondary databases.